Integrating apparatus



y 1937- e. B. LINDERMAN, JR 2,086,425

INTEGRATING APPARATUS Original Filed June 50, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet l July6, 1937- s. B. LINDERMAN. JR

INTEGRATING APPARATUS Original Filed June 30, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 h i!m a. :lll

- i. J LE July 6, 1937. G. B. LINDERMAN. JR

INTEGRATING APPARATUS Original Filed June 30, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 July6, 1937. G B UNDERMAN, JR 2,086,425

INTEGRATING APPARATUS Original Filed June so, 1931 e Sheet-Sheet 4 I I)Illllll gnwnto'o July 6, 1937. a. B. LENDERMAN, JR 2,035,425

INTEGRATING APPARATUS Original Filed June 50, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 MA1Z0 j atboe/mg. 6

atented July 6,, 1937 UNITED". STATE accents rurnonariuc arrnnnrusApplication .liune 3t), 1931, Serial No. 5tl,% Renewed @ctohcr 5, 393412 Claims.

This invention relates to integrating apparatus adapted particularly foruse in integrating orifice meter charts although not limited to thisuse.

Inrneasur'ing the flow of fluid through a conduit or pipe it is commonpractice to insert in the pipe line an orifice plate to create adiffer-U ential of pressure on opposite sides thereof and to associatewith said orifice plate, a mechanism m whereby the differential inpressure on opposite sides of the orifice is recorded on a chart, andthe static pressure is also recorded on the same chart. The graphicrecords thus produced are usually recorded upon a circular chart for a24- W hour period, and the quantity of fluid flowing in the pipe may becomputed from the differential and static pressure curves.

In accordance with the known laws of the flow of fluids and gases, therate of flow of the fluid go or gas is equal to a constant multiplied bythe square root of the product of the absolute static pressure and thedifferential pressure across the orifice. The constant entering thisequation is variable in accordance with the type of fluid, the

25 temperature thereof, the design of the particular orifice meter, andmany other factors.

In computing the volume of fluid passed from the two recorded pressurecurves, it has been common practice to measure with a scale the staticpressure and differential pressure values at a plurality of short timeintervals on a chart to be integrated, compute the product of the staticand difierential pressure at each of said intervals, manually, extractthe square root of each. of these products, multiply by the meterconstant, and then to sum up the results. It will be readily understoodthat this method of calculating volume flow is slow and laborious, issubject to human error, and is most unsatisfactory since the timeintervals selected may not truly represent the average volume flow.

The primary object of this invention therefore is to provide novelapparatus whereby laborious manual calculations are avoided and thevolume flow is directly, rapidly, accurately and mechanically calculatedand integrated from the static and difierential pressure curves oforifice meter charts.

Another object of this invention is to provide a novel apparatus formechanically integrating the square root of a value recorded on a chart.

Another object is the provision of a novel apparatus for mechanicallymultiplying the integrals of the square roots of a plurality of values 55 recorded on a chart.

Another object of this invention is to provide a novel chart integratingand calculating apparatus having means to receive an orifice meter chartin association with tracing points for each of the curves on the chart,whereby the operator may manually follow the variations in the curveswith thetracing points and the final result in volume of fluid will beaccurately indicated upon a counter or indicator.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a calculator fororifice meter charts which is readily adaptable to accommodate chartshaving widely variant pressure ranges by a simple manual adjustmentwhich may be made Without dismantling or disassembling any parts of themachine.

Still a further object of this invention is to provide a novel startstop mechanism for a calculator for orifice meter charts, wherein theins dicating mechanism is so mechanically coordinated with the movementsof the chart that the indicator starts and stops simultaneously with themovement of the chart. Another object is "to provide a novel arrangementso that rotation of the chart and registering movement of the indicatorare simultaneously stopped automatically after one revolution of thechart or any predetermined portion or" a revolution so that a completechart or any portion thereof may be measured with great accuracy.

Another object of this invention is to provide improved drivingmechanism for a calculator for orifice meter charts, wherein the use ofgear ing is greatly reduced and the vital portions of the machine whereextreme accuracy of drive is necessary is accomplished by frictiondrives, thus insuring that small increments of movement are moreaccurately recorded than is possible with gears.

These and various other objects of the invention will be apparent fromthe following description-and appended claims when taken in conjunctionwith the following drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a top plan of a preferred embodiment of my invention with achart in position for integration.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the complete machine shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is another side elevation looking from the opposite side of Fig.i.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the bottom of the machine.

fig. 5 is an end elevation thereof.

Fig.6 is a section substantially along line B, -6 of Fig. l.

lll

.Fig. 'l is a bottom view of the parts shown in Fig. 6.

'84 of Fig.7.

Fig. 9 is a broken detail showing the adjustable connection between thestatic of pen arm segment and the static pen arm.

Fig.10 is a plan view partly in section showing the mounting of thefriction wheel housing.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 10. a

Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing the mounting of the friction wheelin its bracket.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail showing in side elevation the connectionbetween the manually operated pen arms and their linkages.

Fig. 14 is a section showing the driving and stop mechanism for thechart platen.

Fig. 15 is a detail section on line l5i5 of Fig. 14..

Figs. 16 and 17 are diagrammatic views illustrating the trigonometricrelation of the parts. 7

Referring to the drawings wherein like parts are designated by similarreference characters, the mechanism of the calculating machine iscarried on opposite sides ,of a base plate I, said base being adapted tobe supported from a work table or bench by suitably positioned legs 2.Suitably carried beneath the base plate I by brackets is an electricmotor 3 for driving certain moving parts of the calculator. As indicatedin Fig. 2, the electric motor 3 is controlled by a foot operatedrheostat controller 4, connected into the line 5. This controllermay'preferably be positioned on the floor adjacent the foot of theoperator whereby-initial pressure will close the circuit through theresistance and any desired speed of the motor may be obtainedby'pressure of the foot. As explained hereinafter in detail, theoperator ,rnanually'moves tracing points over the curves of a chart andwhere the curves are smooth and regular the motor may be speeded up butif the curves are angular and rapidly changing in their nature andpressure of the foot may be relieved to cause the motor to slow down dueto the insertion of a greater resistance in the circuit. The motor shaft6 passes into a gear box I also suspended beneath the base plate I bythe bracket 8.

In order to clarify the description of this in- Vention the variousunits thereof will be described in detail, each unit being given aheading in order that the description may be easily located.

Chart support and driving means therefor The charts of orifice metersare usually circular and have two curves inscribed thereon, one curverepresenting the static pressure in the conduit with which the meter wasassociated, and the other curverepresenting the differential pressure onopposite sides of the orifice. This invention is described in connectionwith orifice meter charts, and is particularly designed for usetherewith, but it will be understood that the calculator is not solimited since it may be used to inshaft i6 said shaft is provided withworm gear l9 which meshes with a corresponding gear 22. As seen in Figs.4 and 14 the worm gear 22 is lournalled in bearing i3 and is providedwith a central recess or chamber in which is positioned an impositive orfriction drive comprising two pivoted friction shoes or members 23 urgedoutwardly into engagement with the cylindrical wall of the recess ingear 22 by individual springs- Members 23 are pivoted to a collar 24which is secured to a vertically extending shaft 25 by means of atapered pin 26. The vertically extending shaft 25 projects upwardlythrough sleeve member 9, and is rotatably journalled at one end insleeve 30 surrounding shaft 25 and also extending upwardly into sleeve9. Shaft 25 has a nut secured to the lower end thereof below the collar24. Gear 22 is supported by engagement with the'collar 24 of the clutchand is maintained in proper alignment by its collar 39 surrounding shaft25. Thus it will be seen that gear 22 is driven positively from shaft itthrough engagement with worm I9, and shaft 25 is frictionally orimpositively driven from gear 22 by engagement therewith of frictionshoes 23 secured to the shaft .25.

Shaft 25 has an outwardly extending flange 21 above theupper bearing i4and also two threaded portions above said flange. The lower of thesethreaded portions is adapted to receive a chart carrying platen or disc29 which is provided with a plane surface for the reception of a chart29. The chart 29 is clamped against the face of the platen 28 by athreaded nut 32. The platen 29 is counter-bored adjacent the openingthrough which the shaft 25 projects to receive a washer 33 forcooperation with the nut 32. The upper surface of platen 29 has cementedthereto a rubber mat 34 which extends upwardly to be flush with theupper surface of washer 33. When it is desired to change chart 29, nut32 is removed,

the old chart taken off, and a new chart is slipped over the upperprojecting end of shaft 25 to rest on the rubbermat 34, and is clampedin position by the nut 32. Nut 32 in conjunction with rubber mat 34prevents slipping of the chart when once in position.

The platen 23 is provided with a downwardly projecting rim in which amultiplicity of acthe reception of a stop mechanism operating asfollows. The base I is provided with a'threaded opening to receive a.collar 36 which has a rectangular opening for 'slidably receiving a stopmember 31. The upper end of stop member 31 is positioned beneath theslots 35 of the platen 23 and is normally pressed upwardly intoengagement therewith by a bell crank lever 39 pivoted on a bracket 39and engaging the lower end of the stop member 31, said lever 39 havingits free end secured to spring 42, the opposite end of which is securedto plug 43 in base I.

. Stop member 31 has two shoulders 43' and 44 curately machined openings35 are formed for along one edge thereof which are adapted to bearisen-as engaged bya reciprocating slide Slide iii is normally pressedto the left of Figure i l by spring 46 (Fig. 15) engaged against pin ll!on the slide 45. Slide 45 is furthermore provided with a pin 48 to beengage-d by an arm d9 secured to the lower end of the shaft 52 whichpasses upwardly through the collar 36 and has secured to its upper endtwo angular arrangedlevers 53 and 54.

The levers '53 and 54 are arranged to oscillate shaft 52 and arm d9thereon to reciprocate the slide-d5 to thus release stop member it'll.()ne arm 53 is adapted to be engaged by the depend ing portion 5! of astart-stop lever 55 which is pivoted adjacent shaft 25 and extendsoutwardly beyond the rim of the platen 28 and engages in one of theslots 35. This member 55 has, a finger piece 56 whereby it may bedepressed. Lever 55 is normally positioned above the stop member 37, sothat when it is depresseda por tion thereof will engage the upper end ofstop member 3')! to depress the same. The lever Kid is provided tomanually release the slide d5 to stop the rotation of platen 28.

The operation of this portion of the invention is as follows: When achart 29 has been positioned on the rubber mat 34 and the tracing pointsto be hereinafter described, are correctly positioned with respect totheir curves, and the electri motor 3 is running at the desired speed,the hand lever 56 is depressed. This moves the loosely pivoted member 55downward ly to engage the upper end of the stop member with. When theparts have made one comlease the stop 3i.

plete revolution, the depending portion til of member 55 will engage theprojecting end of lever 53 to thus oscillate shaft 52, causing arm G9 torotate slightly in a clockwise sense as viewed in Fig. 15, to thusreciprocate slide 35 and re- Stop ill at once rises due to spring 32 toengage a notch of the platen 2% to stop rotation thereof, and of shaft525, and because of the friction drive between gear 22 and shaft 25 themotor and driving parts are not instantly stopped. As usuallyconstructed, the orifice meter charts are so arranged that a completerevolution thereof corresponds to 24 hours of use. If for any reason itis desired to integrate a smaller portion of the chart,

such as four hours, the stop member is released, the lever 55 is movedback sixteen notches each notch corresponding to one-quarterhour, andthe tracing points are positioned to begin the portion to be integrated.When the tracing points reach the end of the desired period, the lever5% will have returned to zero position and will oscillate shaft 52 andstop the mechanism by reciprocation of slide 45 by way of lever id andpin it. v i

Static pressure mechanism Referring to Fig. hit will be seen that oneend of the base plate l is curved and a guide 52 is secured on the lowerface thereof adjacent the curved end. Guide rail 62 has slidably mountedthereon stops 63 that may be adjusted and secured in position by thumbscrews, not shown. Each stop member 63 cooperates with manually operatedlevers fi l and for operating the static and differential pressure pensor tracing points, respectively. Member Ed is curved to clear themechanism which drives the platen 28 and is pivoted on a shaft dependingfrom the base plate I]. The inner end of member t l is provided with anextended hub "around which is adjustably clamped amember 6E having anintegral arm ill extending therefrom, for the reception of a cleviceF58. Similarly the differential operating member 69 has adjustablysecured to its central sleeve or collar a member l2 which is clampedthereto, member 712 having a lever :13 to which a clevice M is attached.It will thus be seen that the manual 1y operated members 66 and 69 maybe freely oscillated within the limits provided by their respectivestopsiii and oscillations thereof will oscillate clevices til and i l toreciprocate the tie rods connected thereto. The tie rod E5 of the staticpressure member fi l is connected at its opposite end to a clevice iiipivoted to lever ll. This lever ll has a split sleeve or collar at itsopposite end and is rigidly clamped around a shaft it which extendsupwardly through an opening in the base plate 0. 1 and 2, the upper endof shaft it has clamped thereto the split end of a lever l9. Lever i9is.

swiveled on a pin ti which also has swiveled thereto the end of an armof arm (Tl is pivoted to a pin carried by a sliding block t l adapted toreciprocate in the groove 85 of guide block 865. Guide block 8% iscarried by bracket secured to the upper surface of. the base plate l, asseen in Figure 2.

Slide fi l has secured thereto a thin flexible steel tape which extendsaround and is secured to a segmental member ,ilil secured to a shaft iiicarried by auxiliary bracket 93 secured to bracket ill. At its lower endshaft 92 has secured thereto a segment having a plurality of openings 95therein. Loosely pivoted on shaft 92 above the segment at is a staticpen arm 9% having a series of openings 87 therein, for the reception ofa pin 98, whereby the segment 9d and the pen arm 95 may be rigidlysecured together for simultaneous oscillation. Openings it and illarranged in the segment Q 1 and pen arm iii are so arranged that certainones of said openings may be aligned for the reception of the pin 93. Asindicated in Fig, 9, these openings are arranged at varying distancesfrom the shaft 9'2 and are also arranged at varying angular distancesaround said shaft as a center. By this arrangement the pin 98 may bewithdrawn, the pen arm moved to a position wherein another pair of holesalign, and the pin cs dropped therein. It is frequently desirable to beable to accommodate on the same calculating machine charts having widelyvariant pressure ranges and the novel selective connecting mechanismabove described accomplishes this purpose. The pen arm 96 thus may bearranged at varying angular distances with respect to the segment whichoscillates it to accommodate varying charts without disassembling orreplacing any parts.

The static pen arm 9t is normally biased toward Zero position on thechart with which it cooperates by spring 99 secured at one end to thepen arm 96 and at the other end to a shaft iilli projecting upwardlyfrom the base plate 0.

From Fig. 1, it will be seen that the static pen arm 96 is adapted foroscillation over the chart carrying member 28. The pen arm 86 isrecessed adjacent its outer end, and positioned within this The oppositeend As seen in Figures 4 recess is the pen arm fulcrum pin I08 havingconical shaped ends for engagement with a conical bearing in the pen arm98 in one end and in a bearing screw I04 at the other end, said bearingscrew being threaded to the end of the arm 96 and secured in position bya lock nut. Threaded on the fulcrum pin I08 are two nuts which positionthe collar I05 of the pen arm I08 on fulcrum pin I03. Pen arm I08 isprovided with a sleeve I0I at its outer end for the reception of a penor atracing point I08. Tracing point I08 is for the purpose of followingone curve on the chart with which the calculating machine is associatedand is preferably although not necessarily, a marking element such as afountain pen provided with colored ink for leaving a tracing mark on thechart. Thus in operating the machine the operator thereof may at onceascertain wherein he has not accurately followed the curve on the chart,and'may at once compensate for such inaccuracy, moving the pen I08 anequal distance on the opposite side of the curve.

Operation of the static pressure pen As the chart carrying platen 28 isrevolved as previously described, the operator may move the static penoperating arm 64 which will move the lever 61 and by the connectinglever 11 and tie rod I5 will oscillate shaft I8. Oscillation of shaft I8will cause oscillation of the lever I9 thus causing pin 8| (see Fig. l)to move radially chart. The pin 8I will assume varying radial' positionsin accordance with variations of the curve being traced.

Difierential pressure operating mechanism The connecting mechanismwhereby the differential pen may similarly trace the differential curveon the chart resembles to some extent the above described mechanism forthe static pressure pen. As previously indicated, the differential lever89 which projects beyond the edge of the chart carrying base plate I,may be oscillated to cause oscillation of the individual clevis memberI4. Clevis I4 is connected to link I08, the opposite end which ispivoted to a differential fulcrum pin lever I I2, which is swiveledabout verti- -cal shaft I8 and is rigidly but adjustably securedtogether but are free of the shaft I8.

As seen'clearlyin Fig. 8, the shaft Ills supported from a ball bearing II5 carried by a" bracket Iii which projects through an opening in thebase plate I. Freely carried on the shaft 18 for oscillation withrespect theretois a dif- .ferential tension link III having a ballbearingv support I 20 therefor. This tension link I", has

two oppositely extending arms arranged at an angle to one another, oneof said arms being connected to the difierential operating lever II4 bya spring II8. As seen in Fig. 8 the link H4 is provided with a clevicedend, one side thereof being connected to a tape I48 and the other beingconnected to a link I I8 as hereinafter more fully described. Spring II8tends to rotate the freely pivoted tension link III in acounterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4.

The clevice end of lever H4 is pivoted to a connecting link II8 whoseOpposite end is pivoted to a slide I22 which may reciprocate in a slideblock I28. Said slide block has connected thereto a steel tape I24 whoseopposite end is connected to a segment I25 rigidly secured to avertically extending shaft I26. Shaft I28 pro jects upwardly through abushing carried by the base plate I and is positioned approximately invertical alignment with shaft 92. Shaft I28 has fixedly secured theretothe differential pen arm- II8 will reciprocate the slide block I22 andthe differential tape I24 will pull the segment I28, thus oscillatingthe shaft I28 and carrying the difierential pen I28 over the chart. Theoperator may thus follow the variations in the differential curve withthe differential pen I28. Spring I28 tends to returnthe differentiallever and pen arm to zero position.

From the above description it will be clear that the static pressure anddifferential pens may be manually moved to follow their respectivecurves, and the pensthereof will make characteristic markings on thechart to indicate where the operator -did not accurately follow thecurves. The pen I28 for the differential curve will. preferably have adifferent colored ink than the static pen I08 whereby their respectivemarks may be easily followed on the chart. The mutual effect of thefollowing of variations of the static and pressure difierential curvesin order to operate an indicator which will designate the squareDiflerential friction disc drive Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, itwill be seen that a bracket I82 is mounted on the upper surface of thebase plate I for pivotally supporting a driven friction member or discI88. This disc I88 is freely rotatable in a plane which is parallel toand spaced above the base plate I. The rim of the driven disc I88 is infrictional engagement with a driving frictional disc or prime mover I84positioned in a plane at right angles to disc I88, andthe relativeposition of the driven disc I88 and frictional disc or wheel I84 isvaried in accordance with the variations of one of the curves on thechart as will herein-. after appear. -Driving disc or member I84 ismounted for reciprocation vertically to vary the speed of the drivendisc l88 in accordance with the variations in the differential pressurecurve by the following mechanism. Referring to Fig. 2 the base plateI'has a bracket I85 mounted on the upper surface thereof carrying twoupright guide shafts I88 connected attheir upperends by a bracket memberI 81. A driving shaft'l88 positioned betweenuthe two guide shafts I88extends vertically through an opening in the base plateI into the gearbox I and is adapted to rotated by suitable gearing, in said gear box. I

Shaft I88 is provided with an elongated keyway aoeacas may be driven bysaid shaft and the elongated lreyway allows relative reciprocation ofthe shaft and gear.

Mounted for reciprocation on guide shafts 1136 is a bracket M3, the gearM2 being retained between shoulders on the bracket as seen in Fig. 2.Gear Mill meshes with gear M4 as seen in Fig. 5, secured to a horizontalshaft M6 to which the driven friction disc or gear l34 is secured. itwill be clear therefore that shaft (138 and worm gear M2 are constantlyrotating as long as the motor is running and the bracket M3 may bereciprocated vertically, carrying with it the gear M2, the cross shaftMill, and the driven friction disc 11%. Therefore the speed of rotationof the driven disc Will be varied in accordance with the verticalposition of the bracket M3 and the driving disc ltd. The bracket M3 isvertically positioned in accordance with the variations inthedifierential curve as follows.

The bracket 081 secured to the shafts i536 car-= ries a pivot forsupporting idling pulley i l'l errgaged bya steel tape i 38. One end oftape M8 is secured to the bracket M3 by an adjustable pin Mill. As seenin Fig. 6, pin-ltd is adjustably mounted with respect to bracket Mil! bytwo locknuts I152, the lower end of pin Md having an opening (153 intowhich a pin maybe inserted to hold the member H88 against rotation whilethe locirnuts 1152 are adjusted to adjust the height of driving discI134 on the tape so that the center of the driving disc will contact thedriven disc when the linlr mechanism is in a straight line or zeroposition.

Tape M8 extends downwardly through suitable openings in the base plate land is operated by the differential lever mechanism. Another tape 054 issecured to a threaded pin 1155 also mounted in the bracket 3.

The tape M8 after passing below the base plate 9 is guided over a pulleyH56 mounted on a suitable bracket and extends across base plate l and isconnected to a connector block 05l as seen in Fig. 7. A continuation ofthe tape We then passes around a guide pin I58 located in alignment withshaft 18 and guide I23 and at a distance from shaft '58 equal to thedistance of connecting pin I59 therefrom, and is secured to a.connecting pin I59 mounted on the upper half of the clevice on the endof differential fulcrum link II4. As seen in Fig. 7, the guide pin I58is mounted on the bracket I62 which carries the slotted guide block I23.The other steel tape I54 passes downwardly through the base plate I andover a pulley I63 and extends completely across the base plate I andaround a pulley I64 mounted on the lower face of base plate I. Tape I54is further connected to a connector block I65 and then passes around theguide pin I58 to a pin I66 on the end of one arm of the doubled armedtension lever II1. This lever II1 acts as a tension link for the tape,since the spring 8 is normally under tension Lever H4 is provided with astop pin I61 for cooperative engagement with a rotatably adjustable camI68. Cam I68 is mounted on the bracket I62 and by loosening the locknuton the end of the shaft to which it is mounted, the cam may beadjustably rotated to any desired position. The pin I61 and the cam I68act as a stop when the difierential pen I28 is at zero position on thechart and the linkage mechanism is in a straight line. Thus oversettingof the parts is prevented.

By the system of levers and linkages as above driven .oisc H33.

described in combination with the tape, it will be apparent that thebracket M3 and the driving friction disc 93d assume a vertical positionin accordance with the varying positions assumed by the difierential penas the pen follows a dif ferential curve on a chart. Since thedifferential lever l i2 is positively moved by the hand lever 69 infollowing the differential curve, the differential fulcrum lever lidalso is constrained to move simultaneously, since lever lid is rigidlyconnected to lever M2. Since the tape Mill is con nected to pin 159 onlever lid which is the knee of the toggle formed by levers lid and i it,it will be clear that the tape i 18 will be positively pulled in onedirection; and since tape M8 and BM form one continuous flexible member,the ends of which are connected to the vertically movable bracket i 33,it will be clear that this bracket be positively moved. The rectilineardistance between pin 1159 and pin l58 is proportional to the square rootof the travel of pin I122, as will be pointed out hereinafter, so thatthe movement of disc 'lrewise is proportional to the square root ofradial distance traveled by the differential stylus. The opposite end ofthe tape is secured to the tension link ill, wherebymove merit in theopposite direction causes movement of the tape M8 and 65 Due to springM8 the tension link ill will follow the movement of differential linklid to thereby maintain the spring under proper tension at $1 times andto move the vertically movable bracliet M3 in the opposite direction.

it will thus be seen that the driving disc [1'34 will be movedvertically to vary the speed of the order that there may be no slippagebetween this drive, the'vertical disc 6% and the horizontal disc l areprovided with rubber facings [1712 and W3 respectively.

indicator mechanism It will be recalled that the two links ill and 82seen more clearly in l, constitute in effect a toggle link wherein thepin 8i moves in accordance the static pressures indicated on the chart.This pin 8i is adapted to move a friction wheel radially with respect tothe driven disc [188 and said friction wheel drives an indicater forthereby indicating the volume of gas as recorded on the orifice meterchart.

Referring now to Figs. ll and 12, the pin 8i projects downwardly into abushing I14 carried in the upper end of a friction wheel housing I15.Housing M5 is open at its lower end and has two oppositely extendingcollars I16 and I11, collar 816 being threaded to receive a bearingscrew i18 having a conical recess in the inner end thereof and retainedin position by locknut I19. A friction wheel shaft I 82 is supported atone end by the bearing screw I'll? and at its opposite end by a ballbearing i83 supported in the sleeve I11. Shaft I82 has secured theretoa. friction wheel I84, which projects downwardly out of the open end ofthe housing I15. Shaft I82 projects beyond the ball bearing I83 and isadapted to enage an indicator shaft I85 preferably by a sliding fit,wherein shaft I85 telescopes over shaft I 82, and the two shafts beingretained together by a locking pin I86. The indicator drive shaft I85 isretained within a tubular housing I81, secured to the end of sleeve I11and having at its opposite end a casing I88. Casing I88 has an openingin oneside wall thereof through which the indicator dials I 89 arevisible, such dials being The friction wheel housing I15 is held inadjustable position. with relation to the bracket I92 by a plate I95connected to the upper surface ofhousing I15 by threaded bolts I98.Housin I15 has arectangular boss I91 projecting into the slot of bracketI92 to which boss the plate I95 is secured. Due to the fact that bossI91 has a snug fit within the slotted bracket I92, the

housing I15 is preventedfrom rotation with respect to its bracketsupport I92. Sleeve member I94 to which slotted bracket I92 is securedis positioned between two upstanding-lugs I98 of a pivoted bracket I99through which lugs the pivot shaft I93 extends. A guide spacing bar- 292is positioned between one end of sleeve I94 and one of the upstandinglugs I98. By reversing the position of the spacing bar 292, the bracketI92 and friction wheel housing I15 may be adjustably positioned withrespect to the supporting bracket I99. Furthermore they friction wheelhousing I15 is free to adjust itself with respect to its bracket I92 dueto the free sliding fit of the plate I95.

- The sleeve member I94 is provided with a threaded lug 293 projectingfrom the opposite side to which the bracket I92 is, secured, said lugbeing adapted for the reception of a threaded rod 294. A flat spring295', secured to stationary bracket I99 extends outwardly through theopen side of housing I15 and into engagement with the upper rim offriction wheel I84 when the wheel is lifted off disc I33. This springserves as.a brake to prevent overrunning of the friction wheel ashereinafter fully described.

Bracket I99 which supports the entire assembly just described includingthe wheel housing, the friction wheel and the indicating mechanismassociated therewith, extends outwardly beyond the back of the baseplate I as seen in Fig. 1 and is pivoted at tubular shaft 295. Tubularshaft 295 is supported from the base plate I by a vertically extendingbracket 296 having bearings 291 adjacent the upper and lower ends ofmember 295."

As seen in Figures 1 and 3, the friction wheel is normally in engagementwith the driven disc By the pivoted support for bracket I99 and theslidable relation of boss I 91, which car- ,ries pin 9|, with bracketI92 carried thereby as above described, it will be apparent that thefriction wheel I94 may move about the shaft 18 as a center in accordancewith movements of the static pressure pen, and although the pin 8| movesin an arcuate path with the arm 19 as a radius, (according to thegeometrical proof hereinafter referred to) the support of friction wheelI84 maintains the plane thereof at all times at respect to disc I33, andit will be geometrically proven hereinafter that the distance offriction wheel I84 from the center of disc I33 is proportional to thesquare root of the distance of pen I98 from the center of the chart.

Automatic control of friction wheel One feature of this invention is theprovision of automatic mechanism wherein. the friction wheel is raisedand lowered into and out of contact with the driven disc I33 inaccordance with the stopping and starting of the chart platen 28. Toaccomplish this result, the rod 294 has an arm 298 secured thereto atone end and said arm is connected to a flexible member such as chain 299which extends downwardly through tubular shaft 295, thence over asuitable pulley 2I2 (see Fig. 3), thence through a protecting tube 2I3and is secured to the depending arm 2 of the bell crank 38 (see Fig.14). It will be recalled that the bell crank 38 operates in conjunctionwith the stop 31 which prevents rotation of the chart platen 28. Theoperation of this feature of the invention is as follows. Normally whenthe chart platen is stationary, the stop 31 is moved upwardly by spring42 which thus allows the bell crank 38 and the arm 2 to movecounterclockwise as seen in Fig. 14. This movement of connected chain299 is transmitted to rod 294 which rocks bracket I94 about its shaftI93, thus raising the entire friction wheel assembly and disconnectingthe wheel from the driven disc I33. After the chart has been placed inposition and the motor has been started thus driving the'two discs I33and I34, the oper- 1 thus pressing the stop 31 out of engagement withthe teeth35 and the platen 29 starts rotation due to friction clutchmembers 23. Simultaneously with this operation the tension of chain 299is relieved and the friction wheel assembly will at once oscillate sothat the friction wheel I94 engages disc I33 and is free of brake spring295'. This oscillating movement is due to the weight of the frictionwheel mechanism and the indicator mechanism. As soon as the selectedparts of the curves have been integrated, the ,stop

mechanism 31 moves upwardly the friction wheel is simultaneouslydisengaged from disc I33.

By this mechanism it will be seen that the indication as registered bythe friction wheel will be extremely accurate. The brake spring 293'prevents overrunning of the wheel so that rotation thereof ceases assoon as the same is disconnected from the disc. i

As seen in Figure 2, the tracing pens I98 and I29 are adapted to receivean enclosing cap member 2 I6 which is adapted to be easily removed andreplaced for. protecting the ink receiving portions of the pens.

From the preceding description it is believed aoeaeaa a verticalposition of the driving disc i3 3 which is varied in accordance with thedifferential pres= sure curve. Reference will now be had to Figs. 16 and17 for the theory of operation.

Referring now to Figure 1'7, the-friction wheel Hil is shown at anyposition in its path which is arbitrarily selected. It will be seen thatthe pin ill of the friction wheel moves about the point as a center andthe friction wheel 086 is guided in its movement by guide lever 59%]about the axis 2%. The center N of disc 133 and the point tilt definethe diameter of the circle P described by pin ti in its movement, andtherefore the arbitrary radius h, passing from the center N of disc I133through the center of pin 8i, and guiding lever I99 are chords of thesame circle P. From the geometrical theorem that two chords drawn fromthe extremities of the diameter of a circle to a common point in thecircumference will form a right angle the meeting point, it follows thatthe plane of iric= tion wheel ltd is always at a right angle to a radius21 passing through the center of pin Si, or stated differently, the axisof friction wheel [186 is always coincident with a radius h.

Referring now to Figure 16, the travel of pin carried by slide ti t isdesignated by the reference letter c and the equal arms l9 and 82 aredesignated R. The distance DM is twice the radius R. A chord s isdropped from point A perpendicular to the diameter N-tlllh of circle Pand will be bisected thereby. From these known dimensions the followingequations may he de= duced.

A ABC is congruent to A ABM BEQQLULSE Therefore:

CB BM it-11 Since DM 2R, we obtain:

Where e is the travel of point C. When two chordsicross in a. circlethen the product oi the parts of each chord are equal.

Therefore:

According to the Pythagorean proposition, the square described upon thehypothenuse of a right angle triangle is equal to the sum of the squaresdescribed upon the other two sides.

Therefore:

b2:s2+a2 or (5) a =b s (ANBA) Equation (5) in Equation (4) we obtain:

(6) s =2Ra (17 -8 s =2Ra-b +s 1 ('1) b =2Ra From Equation (2 e (8) a=substituted in narration (7) we obtain 6 v 2 ,V 0 23 X 2 (ill) b Cw/E,where C /fi lin words: The travel h of the friction wheel isproportional to the square root or" the travel e of point 0:

Therefore, the indication as registered on the indicator associated withthe friction wheel will he proportional to the square root or" thedisplace ment of the static pressure pen. Since the static pressure penis adapted to follow the static pressure curve, it will be seen that theindicator will register; roportional to the square root of the pressureas indicated by the curve being integrated.

By the use of similar equations, it can he demonstrated that thevertical movement of the driviriction disa l3l is likewise proportionalto the square root of the chsplacement of the slide 122 from its zeroposition. For these equations the vertical movement of friction. discH36 would correspond to the letter h Fig. 16 and the displacement of theslide i would correspond to the letter e. Therefore driven disciSS isrotated a speed proportional to the square root of the differentialpressure as indicated by the differential pressure curve on the chart being integrated.

Since the friction wheel S86 is driven directly by the driven disc (I33,it will be apparent that the friction disc will therefore rotate a speedproportional to the product of the two determining factors, namely thestatic pressure and the differential pressure. Since the parts are soarranged that this speed is proportional to the square root of these twofactors, it will he obvious that the indicator will therefore re cordthe volume of fluid as recorded on the chart in accordance with theequation e s/Pia where Q is the quantity or volume, P5 is the integralof static pressure, Pa is the integral of difierential pressure and c isa constant for the orifice meter.

The present invention has been specifically described for use inconnection with orifice meter charts for obtaining the volume of fiow.0bviously the invention is not so limited, since the calculating machinemay be used for obtaining the square root of the product of any two quantitles as represented by curves.

There are in common use several types of orifice meters for measuringthe volume flow of fluids. Each of these types of orifice meters hasindividual characteristics, whereby the curves produced have individualcharacteristics. By providing suitable adjustments for the centers ofthe various links and changing their lengths by relatively simpleadjustments, and the use of simple attachments the present machine maybe adapted to integrate charts of the various types of orifice meters.

Another feature of this invention which renders the operation of themachine extremely simple is the fact that the chart may be placed on the75 chart disc in any relative position and the integration thereof maystart from any desired position. If the integration is to be 24 hours,the chart will make one complete revolution.

If a shorter time interval is desired, the hand operated stop mechanismincluding the lever 54 may be set back the desired number of quarterhournotches and the integration willbe automatically stopped when themechanism returns to zero.

It will be understood that the volume of-fiow of fluid'as indicated onthis machine may be read direct in cubic feet, for example, byproperlydesigning the parts to take into account the constant of anyparticular orifice meter. If the machine is to be used for various typesof orifice meters by adjustments of thecenters, then a table will befurnished for each type of meter showing the differential pressureranges along one side and the static pressure ranges along the otherside whereby the constant for the particular meter under specificconditions of use may be obtained. When the reading of the integratormachine is multiplied by this particular constant, the actual flow ofgas will be obtained. These the integrator reading as obtained.

Although the machine as herein described appears complicated,nevertheless its operation is relatively simple whereby unskilledworkers may use the same. The operator need only be instructed in theWay to place the chart on the machine, how to follow the two curves onthe chart with the respective, tracing points, and how to start and stopthe machine by the foot controller and the hand stop;

The inventionmat be embodied in other specific forms without departingfrom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presentembodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrativeand not restrictive, the scope of .the invention being indicated'by theappended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and allchanges which come withinthe meaning and range of 'equivalencyof theclaims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

.a constantlyrotating disc, a driven disc, said discsbeing in frictionalengagement with the rim of the driven disc engaging the face of theconstantly rotating disc, means for moving the constantly rotating discin accordancewith variations of one curve to thereby vary the speed ofthe driven disc, o. friction wheel engageable with said driven disc,means for varying the relative position of the friction wheel relativeto said driven disc in accordance with variations of the other curve "tothereby vary the speed of said friction wheel, and means to disengagethe friction wheel and the driven disc.

2. In a chart integrator, a driving disc, a driven disc having its edge,frictionally engaged with the face of said driving disc, a frictionwheel engaging the face of said driven disc, an oscillatable arm forvarying theh'radial position of said friction wheel with respect tosaiddriven disc, a link pivotally connected to said friction wheel at oneend, and means for guiding the other end of said link on a radius ofsaid driven disc.

said driving disc is movable parallel to the axis of said driven disc tovary the speed of said driven disc bymeans including a pair of linkspivoted together at one end, one end of one link being pivotally mountedand one end of the other link being guided in a straight line.

4. A calculating mechanism for meter charts comprising a rotary platenadapted to receive a chart having curves thereon to be integrated; apair ofarms carrying tracing members designed to independently followthe curves on the chart;

a driving disc operable, in synchronism with said platen; a driven disc;one of said discs having its periphery engaging the surface of the otherdisc; means for axially moving the driving disc in accordance with themovement of one of said tracing members; a friction wheel in operatingcontact with said driven disc; and means for 1y opposite the pivot ofsaid first arm for movement along the diameter of said disc.

3. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein 6. In a calculatingmechanism for meter charts, 7

a carrier adapted to receive a chart having a curve thereon to beintegrated, a rotating driving member operating in synchronism with saidcarrier, a second rotating member frictionally driv' en thereby, theratio of drive therebetween being variable, an arm oscillatable about afixed pivot, a linkpivotally secured adjacent one end to said arm theother end of said link being constrained to move in a rectilinear pathprojecting through said fixed pivot, said projected path being taken asa reference line, means for transmitting motion from said constrainedend to a stylus for tracing over a curve on said chart, a flexibleconnection between said link pivot and said driving member for radiallyvarying the driving engagement of said driving and driven members inaccordance with the rectilinear distance between the link pivotconnection and its position in said. reference line, and means formanually oscillating said arm.

7 In a calculating mechanism for meter charts, a carrier adaptedtoreceive a chart having a curve thereon to be integrated, a rotatingdriving member moving in synchronism with said carrier, a secondrotating member frictionally driven thereby, the ratio of drivetherebetween being variable, an arm oscillatable about a fixed pivot, alink pivotally secured adjacent one end to said arm and having its otherend constrained to move in a rectilinear path projecting through saidfixed pivot, said projected path being taken as a reference line, aflexible connector for transmitting motion from said constrained end toa pivotally mounted stylus for tracing over a curve and the position ofsaid link pivot connection in said reference line, and means formanually oscillating said arm.

8. Ina calculating macmne for meter charts,

'rier, an arm oscillatable about a fixed pivot, a

link pivotally secured adjacent one end to said arm, the other end ofsaidlink being constrained to move in a rectilinear path projectingthrough said fixed pivot and the center. of said rotating member, awheel secured at the pivotal connection of said arm and link inperipheral contact with said rotating member, means for manuallyoscillating said arm, means for transmitting motion from the constrainedend of said link to a stylus for tracing over a curve on said chart,said wheel being moved in varying radial relation with said rotatingmember in accordance with the movement of said stylus.

9. In a calculating machine for meter charts, a carrier adapted toreceive a chart having a plurality of curves thereon to be integrated, arotating' driving member moving in synchronism with said carrier, asecond rotating member frictionally driven thereby, a stylus for tracinga curve on said chart, means for moving said stylus manually to .tracethe curve including means con-.

necting said driving 'member with said stylus whereby the radialrelationof said one member to the other is varied in proportion to the squareroot of the movement of said stylus, an arm oscillatable about a fixedpivot, a link pivotally se- 1 cured adjacent one end to said arm andhaving its other end constrained to move in a rectilinear pathprojecting, through said fixed pivot and the center of said secondmember, a counterwheel secured at the pivotal connection of said arm andlink in peripheral contact with said second memher, means forfmanuallyoscillating said arm, means for transmitting motion from the constrainedend of said link to a second stylus for tracing a second curve on saidchart, said counter wheel being capable of movement in varying radialrelation with said second member."

10. In a calculating machine for. charts indicating volumes of fiowpassing through a meter at variable pressures; a driven disc; a frictionwheel operatively associated with said disc;

means for moving said friction wheel in the plane of said disc;andlmeans for maintaining the axis of said friction wheel coincidentwith radii of said disc comprisinga pivoted link slidably guiding saidfricton wheel.

11. In a calculating machine, a tracing point oscillatable over a chartto follow a curve thereon, an indicator, a friction wheel connected tosaid indicator, a driven disc, means for guiding said friction wheel inan'arcuate path in engagement with said disc, and a motion transmittingconnection between said tracing point and said friction wheel for movingsaid tracing point in accordance with the movement of said'wheel.

12. Ina calculating machine, a tracing point oscillatable over a chartto follow a curve there on, an indicator, a friction wheel connected tosaid indicator, a driven'disc, means for guiding said friction wheel inengagement with said disc in an arcuate' path passing throughthe centerof said disc, and means guided in a lineal path on a radius of the discand connected to said G. B. LINDERMAN, JR.

